Decadal Behaviour of Sand Bars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decadal Behavior of Sand Bars - Essay Example The extent of the material I gave a 15/25 and the organized contention got a 8/15. The purpose behind such a low score was, that the report appeared to be an aggregation of exploration and realities yet it was not durable by any stretch of the imagination. The message of the paper was muddled or non-existent. The report didn't show how the data related back to the theoretical, and the data appeared to be introduced so that the author of the paper was posting realities concerning the various bars, yet that was every one of that was recorded. There appeared to be an all out absence of clarifications or contentions all through the whole paper, despite the fact that there was unquestionably adequate proof to help the contentions if any had been made. It was ideal to find that there was that huge measure of data accessible, yet it would have filled a superior need if that data had been introduced in a manner that would lead the peruser to an end. The paper itself was enlightening, but at the same time was hard to peruse. I gave the paper 20/25 focuses for the data despite the fact that there was no stream to the paper. There was (as I expressed previously) a plenty of data to spark the peruser's interest. It was debilitating to not appreciate the full feast. The structure of this dad

A Relationship Between Bipolar Disorder and Childhood Sexual Abuse free essay sample

Every one of these activities may appear to be totally outlandish to the normal individual; be that as it may, activities like these are a reality for about 5. 8 million grown-ups in the United States that experience the ill effects of a disease called bipolar turmoil. Bipolar turmoil, generally alluded to as hyper burdensome ailment, is an umbrella term used to portray cyclic, repetitive, polarizing state of mind unsettling influences that go from rapture, delight, and madness at one post to peevishness, dysphoria, and melancholy at the other. This is the situation of our customer Marya. She experiences Bipolar 1 which is the most noticeably terrible degree of Bipolar issue. As a class task we were dole out Madness: a bipolar life composed by our customer Marya, who has been determined to have this weakening sickness as a grown-up after numerous misdiagnoses. The focal point of this paper will be to comprehend whether our customer Marya was explicitly manhandled as a youngster. I will be standing up of her not being explicitly mishandled as a youngster and that her side effects can be clarified by her bipolar issue. We will compose a custom exposition test on A Relationship Between Bipolar Disorder and Childhood Sexual Abuse or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In looking into the subject of youth sexual manhandled corresponding to bipolar turmoil there isn't sufficient proof to help the possibility that a youngster that experienced sexual maltreatment will created bipolar sometime down the road. The side effects of our customer Marya are carefully manifestations of her bipolar 1 issue. A few side effects of bipolar 1 include: flying out of nowhere starting with one thought then onto the next, fast forced and uproarious discourse, expanded vitality with hyperactivity, a diminished requirement for rest, swelled mental self portrait, inordinate spending, hyper sexuality and substance misuse. As per an article composed by David Finkelhor sexual maltreatment can be characterized as sexual contact with a kid that happens under one of three conditions: When a huge age or maturational distinction exists between the accomplices, when the accomplice is in a place of power over or in a consideration taking relationship with the kid or when the demonstrations are done against the kid by utilizing viciousness or guile. In understanding Madness: a bipolar story I didn't get the feeling that our customer Marya had been explicitly mishandled as kid. I didn't apparent that any grown-up had exploited her, explicitly or of some other structure. While sexual maltreatment can be difficult to recognize, particularly in youngsters on the grounds that the maltreatment regularly happens in mystery and there isn't in every case any physical proof of the maltreatment, some kid sexual maltreatment survivors may show indications of Post-awful pressure issue (PTSD). They may act in an anxious, upset way and may have bad dreams. Another side effect many be reenactment of the maltreatment in their play time. They mmay show dread and steady concern. Little youngsters may lose abilities they once learned and act more youthful than they are. For instance, a manhandled youngster may begin wetting the bed or sucking their thumb. Some sexual maltreatment survivors appear strange sexual practices that are not expected in a kid. They may act tempting or they may not keep up safe cutoff points with others. In understanding Madness, our customer Marya didn't showed any of the above notice side effects. Because of an examination from The British Journal of Psychiatry named Impact of youth maltreatment on the clinical course of bipolar issue. The investigation was led with an example of a 100 patients at a scholastic claim to fame place for the treatment of bipolar issue. The examination found that a past filled with extreme youth misuse is to be found in roughly 50% of grown-ups with bipolar turmoil with different types of having happened in about a third. Unmistakable negative effects on clinical result were related with youth physical, sexual or psychological mistreatment chronicles, with proof recommending increasingly broad suicidality, fast cycling and perhaps comorbid substance abuse related with different types of youth misuse. This examination helped me arrive at the resolution that Marya was not explicitly maltreatment as a youngster. As I would like to think since the investigation propose that lone portion of the 100 individuals indicated side effects of extreme youth and sexual maltreatment was incorporated inside this half it isn't sufficient proof to presume that our customer Marya has been explicitly manhandled. While kid sexual maltreatment survivors may show side effects of PTSD just as manifestations that may incorporate tension, low confidence, trouble setting safe cutoff points with others and relationship issues. Survivors may have terrible dreams. They may carry on parts of the maltreatment in their play. They may show different feelings of trepidation and stresses. Little youngsters may lose aptitudes they once learned and act more youthful than they are. For instance, a mishandled kid may begin wetting the bed or sucking their thumb. Some sexual maltreatment survivors appear strange sexual practices that are not expected in a kid. Sexual maltreatment can be mistaking for youngsters. For a youngster, it regularly includes being utilized or harmed by a confided in grown-up. The youngster may discover that the best way to get consideration or love is to give something sexual or surrender their sense of pride. A few youngsters accept the maltreatment is their issue by one way or another. They may think the abuser picked them since they more likely than not needed it or on the grounds that there is a major issue with them. Marya had youth that as I would see it was unique in relation to most kids, as for a model when at four years old she depicted that she was unable to nod off because of a goat being in her room. While going through these feelings can be troublesome, I don’t think it recommend that she was explicitly manhandled. Marya family from her dad side seemed to have a background marked by psychological instability which drives me to the understanding that her bipolar is genetic. Furthermore, that her indications show because of her ailment and not as casualty of youngster sexual maltreatment. I stood up of our customer Mary not being explicitly mishandled as youngster, it is essential to comprehend the investigation of bipolar issue since it is more typical than a great many people think. Numerous individuals frequently joke with loved ones about the chance of having this issue however it is a sickness that ought not be neglected or overlooked. Numerous young people get themselves cheerful one day and irate the following. This basic difference in feeling is a quality of bipolar issue, prompting the extreme vacillation of feelings. In the wake of seeing how genuine bipolar issue is and the negative impacts it can have one’s life and the lives of everyone around them, ideally others will comprehend the multifaceted nature of this staggering affliction. References Garno, Jessica L. , Joseph F. Goldberg, Paul Michael Ramirez, and Barry A. Ritzler . Effect of youth maltreatment on the clinical course of bipolar issue. (2005): n. page. Web. 9 Feb. Hornbacher, Marya. Franticness: A Bipolar Life. Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2008. Print. 2013. Ogata , Susan N. Ph. D , Kenneth R. M. D. Silk , Sonya Ph. D Goodrich , Naomi E. Ph. D. Lohr , Drew Ph. D. Westen , and Elizabeth M. Ph. D. Slope . Youth Sexual and Physical Abuse in Adult Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry. (1990): 147:8. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. Sonne , Sonne C. , Sonne C. PharmD , and kathleen T. M. D. Ph. D. Brady . Understanding the effect of liquor on human wellbeing and prosperity . National Institute On Alcohol Abuse And Alcoholism . n. page. Web. 12 Feb. 2013.

Happy 100th Birthday, Shirley Jackson

Happy 100th Birthday, Shirley Jackson 100 years ago today, Shirley Jackson was born in Burlingame, California. She lived a bit more than 48 years, and in that time wrote (arguably) the greatest fiction of her time. Now best remembered as the writer of “The Lottery,” and only slightly less well remembered as the author of The Haunting of Hill House, her work was rich and varied, ranging from proto-Erma Bombeck family tales to works of sheer terror. In her lifetime, six novels, two fictionalized memoirs, one nonfiction book, one picture book, a one act play, and one story collection were published; posthumously, her family published many additional collections, including the unfinished novel she was working on at the time of her death; there have been two biographies written about her and countless essays devoted to her and her work; We Have Always Lived In The Castle was adapted (horribly) for the stage; The Haunting of Hill House has been two movies, one great and one awful; and “The Lottery” was adapted twice as  largely forgotten TV movies. Shirley Jackson is my favorite author of all time, and it is difficult to write a fitting tribute. I considered compiling a list of her best sentences, although the scope of that work is quite intimidating and a complete list would be nearly impossible; I considered comparing and contrasting the two biographies that have been published, which are quite disparate in tone (her first biographer, Judy Oppenheimer, writes in Private Demons with apparent disdain for Shirley, while her new biographer, Ruth Franklin, writes with love and joy in Shirley Jackson: A Rather Haunted Life); I considered writing about how “The Lottery” is her worst story, though that wouldn’t be fair because “The Lottery” is a wonderful story and surely she wrote something that’s worsebut when compared to the breadth of her work, “The Lottery” is objectively not the best; I thought perhaps I would talk about how influential Shirley’s writing has been on my own, but that felt altogether too self-serving, and I want this to be about Shirley, not me. So I opened it up to other Book Riot contributo rs, and compiled our tributes to Shirley. Shirley Jackson’s writing (specifically a grade school reading of The Lottery) was really the first time I understood the danger of the world in which I live.  This seems like a dark discovery for a child, but it opened up to me all of the possibilities inherent in books.  In that moment, I realized that knowledge of people outside of myself was something I craved and could so easily obtain.  It was also the first time I remember being completely surprised by an author and it taught me that there is so much available to me between the covers of a book.   Elizabeth Allen Ive always been kind of farm and twisty, even as a kid. I loved weird sci-fi and fantasy and was immediately outcast from most of my social group because of it. I delighted in finding Shirley Jackson because she hits ALL the right spots. Naturally, I use her whenever I can in teaching my own college students. The first time I did do, I used The Lottery and made it a class reading exercise. They just griped at first and then got into the story. At the end, it was quiet and then one young woman just said, “what the hell was that? I have so many things to say about this and I dont know where to start!” Mission accomplished. Kristen McQuinn We read “The Lottery” twice in middle school, and I read it again in college. Despite the minimalist style, the matter-of-fact attitude towards stoning a person to death, adult or child, you had to admit it did the job. It scared the bejeebers out of the editor who published it, and enthralled the public imagination. Jackson also made a living off her writing. She used her family as a subject for two novels, accurately capturing childrens behavior, and discussed mental illness. Priya Sridhar Like many other Book Rioters, I first encountered Shirley Jackson through “The Lottery.” Sometime around 8th grade, I found my mom’s old, crumbling Norton Anthology of English Literature, and I would immerse myself in its contents, discovering works by authors I had never even heard of. Now, a couple decades later, only two have stuck with me: Vladimir Nabokov’s “Signs and Symbols” and, of course, Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery,” which fucked with my whitebread suburban teenage brain in a way it had not been fucked before. I was genuinely disturbed by the story, and could not get it out of my mind. Now, years later, I appreciate Jackson’s other works moreâ€"I am particularly fond of We Have Always Lived in the Castleâ€"but “The Lottery” affected me in a visceral way few literary works could ever hope. Charles Paul Hoffman Reading Shirley Jackson taught me to write. Of course, that is not true in the strictest sense (in fact, I was writing before I could read), but it was in reading Shirleys stories that I understood what voice is and learned to develop my own. When my writing gets stuck, I turn to Shirley and just read. I wish that she had lived longer, and of course that is largely selfish because it would mean more storiesbut I cant help wondering, too, what she might have done with her life once her children were grown. I think it is fitting (if a little sad) that The Lottery, which she was best known for in her lifetime, is the most enduring of her work. Annika Barranti Klein

Happy 100th Birthday, Shirley Jackson

Happy 100th Birthday, Shirley Jackson 100 years ago today, Shirley Jackson was born in Burlingame, California. She lived a bit more than 48 years, and in that time wrote (arguably) the greatest fiction of her time. Now best remembered as the writer of “The Lottery,” and only slightly less well remembered as the author of The Haunting of Hill House, her work was rich and varied, ranging from proto-Erma Bombeck family tales to works of sheer terror. In her lifetime, six novels, two fictionalized memoirs, one nonfiction book, one picture book, a one act play, and one story collection were published; posthumously, her family published many additional collections, including the unfinished novel she was working on at the time of her death; there have been two biographies written about her and countless essays devoted to her and her work; We Have Always Lived In The Castle was adapted (horribly) for the stage; The Haunting of Hill House has been two movies, one great and one awful; and “The Lottery” was adapted twice as  largely forgotten TV movies. Shirley Jackson is my favorite author of all time, and it is difficult to write a fitting tribute. I considered compiling a list of her best sentences, although the scope of that work is quite intimidating and a complete list would be nearly impossible; I considered comparing and contrasting the two biographies that have been published, which are quite disparate in tone (her first biographer, Judy Oppenheimer, writes in Private Demons with apparent disdain for Shirley, while her new biographer, Ruth Franklin, writes with love and joy in Shirley Jackson: A Rather Haunted Life); I considered writing about how “The Lottery” is her worst story, though that wouldn’t be fair because “The Lottery” is a wonderful story and surely she wrote something that’s worsebut when compared to the breadth of her work, “The Lottery” is objectively not the best; I thought perhaps I would talk about how influential Shirley’s writing has been on my own, but that felt altogether too self-serving, and I want this to be about Shirley, not me. So I opened it up to other Book Riot contributo rs, and compiled our tributes to Shirley. Shirley Jackson’s writing (specifically a grade school reading of The Lottery) was really the first time I understood the danger of the world in which I live.  This seems like a dark discovery for a child, but it opened up to me all of the possibilities inherent in books.  In that moment, I realized that knowledge of people outside of myself was something I craved and could so easily obtain.  It was also the first time I remember being completely surprised by an author and it taught me that there is so much available to me between the covers of a book.   Elizabeth Allen Ive always been kind of farm and twisty, even as a kid. I loved weird sci-fi and fantasy and was immediately outcast from most of my social group because of it. I delighted in finding Shirley Jackson because she hits ALL the right spots. Naturally, I use her whenever I can in teaching my own college students. The first time I did do, I used The Lottery and made it a class reading exercise. They just griped at first and then got into the story. At the end, it was quiet and then one young woman just said, “what the hell was that? I have so many things to say about this and I dont know where to start!” Mission accomplished. Kristen McQuinn We read “The Lottery” twice in middle school, and I read it again in college. Despite the minimalist style, the matter-of-fact attitude towards stoning a person to death, adult or child, you had to admit it did the job. It scared the bejeebers out of the editor who published it, and enthralled the public imagination. Jackson also made a living off her writing. She used her family as a subject for two novels, accurately capturing childrens behavior, and discussed mental illness. Priya Sridhar Like many other Book Rioters, I first encountered Shirley Jackson through “The Lottery.” Sometime around 8th grade, I found my mom’s old, crumbling Norton Anthology of English Literature, and I would immerse myself in its contents, discovering works by authors I had never even heard of. Now, a couple decades later, only two have stuck with me: Vladimir Nabokov’s “Signs and Symbols” and, of course, Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery,” which fucked with my whitebread suburban teenage brain in a way it had not been fucked before. I was genuinely disturbed by the story, and could not get it out of my mind. Now, years later, I appreciate Jackson’s other works moreâ€"I am particularly fond of We Have Always Lived in the Castleâ€"but “The Lottery” affected me in a visceral way few literary works could ever hope. Charles Paul Hoffman Reading Shirley Jackson taught me to write. Of course, that is not true in the strictest sense (in fact, I was writing before I could read), but it was in reading Shirleys stories that I understood what voice is and learned to develop my own. When my writing gets stuck, I turn to Shirley and just read. I wish that she had lived longer, and of course that is largely selfish because it would mean more storiesbut I cant help wondering, too, what she might have done with her life once her children were grown. I think it is fitting (if a little sad) that The Lottery, which she was best known for in her lifetime, is the most enduring of her work. Annika Barranti Klein

Interventions For Children Exposed At Intimate Partner...

Interventions Available for Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence Marie Garza Florida Atlantic University Abstract Recently, it has been acknowledged that not only does intimate partner violence affect the victim, but it may also cause psychological damage to children who may be exposed to it, both directly and indirectly. This paper will aim to examine two types of evidenced-based interventions available for children who have been exposed to intimate partner violence and have developed Post Traumatic Stress Disorder as a result. The analysis provided for this paper is based on the studies provided by Community Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder for Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2011) as well as Toward Evidence-based Treatment: Child-parent Psychotherapy with Preschoolers Exposed to Marital Violence (2005). The analysis of the data provided in both articles will serve to prove that both Child-Parent Psychotherapy and Trauma Focused Behavioral Therapy can reduce the symptoms in children who have been exposed to intimate partner violence. Furt hermore, it will be established that both of these approaches are viable alternatives to the current treatment methodologies available. Interventions Available for Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence Recently, there has been an emphasis on the adverse effects of children s exposure to violence between their adult family members and theShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence And Violence Against Family Members And Intimate Partners906 Words   |  4 Pagesyear involves acts of violence against family members and intimate partners (2015).Data from the 1985 National Family Violence Survey affirmed that one of eight husbands committed at least one violent act towards his wife, and 1.8 million wives were beaten during the year course of the study (Holtzworth-Munroe Stuart, 1994). The Bureau of Justice (2015) defines domestic violence as â€Å"violence between married spouses, but can include cohabitants, unmarried intimate partners and family members†. Read MoreThe Problem Of Violence Against Women1644 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Review The problem my group decided to address is violence against women. Violence against women can be defined as a pattern of abusive, violent or coercive behaviors. These behaviors are used against the victim in an intimate relationship to control their thoughts, beliefs or behaviors. The abuser uses violence to hold power and dominance over the victim of violence. Not only do they physically violate the victim, they also isolate the individual from her support system, making it tougherRead MoreChildren Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence Essay1453 Words   |  6 PagesAfter many studies researchers have confirmed that when children are exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) it significantly effects their social emotional development (Hughes Chau, 2013; Herman-Smith, 2013). This raises a concern; if IPV was to be measured emotional abuse should children be removed from their families. If we consider that the majority of children that witness IPV are under six and would not be able to fully understand what is happening we can conclude that they would not beRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children1387 Words   |  6 PagesLiterature Review: The Effects of Domestic Violence on Children By Taralyn Dean SW 8570 March 11, 2015 Introduction Today this paper will be exploring the affects of intimate partner domestic violence and how this impacts the children. The children of theses situations are the bystanders of these physical and emotional events. This paper will review in depth what other professionals are saying about the children of the domestic violence relationships and also the findings and conclusionsRead MoreTrauma From Intimate Partner Violence Essay2078 Words   |  9 Pagesfamily members. Children from infancy to adolescence absorb surrounding behaviors as their brain continues to develop, influencing potential negative behaviors in their adulthood (Osofsky, et al., 2004). Trauma from intimate partner violence could affect an infant more than an adult for reasons of dependence and periods of critical brain development which may alter brain functions (Randell, Bledsoe, Shroff, Pierce, 2011). The parents, or intimate partners, are often viewed by children as strong standingRead MoreViolence Has Long Been A Way Of Life871 Words   |  4 PagesViolence has long been a way of life in the United States. Violence is how the West was won, some would say. Some believe there can be no peace without violence. When intimate partners are the ones being violent to an already concord and settled land the state of the nation suffers economic back lash from social planning prevention to the strain on the health care system and holds the victims to a lower standers with social stigma of helplessness. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is threatened orRead MoreAnimal Cruelty Is A Crime Against Humanity1246 Words   |  5 PagesIn order to constitute animal cruelty as a Crime Against Humanity we must prove that society is ignoring the violence towards them despite the research evidence, the government sanctions mass killings of them, and that this type of violence affects humans on a large scale (Plant, Schaik, Gullone, Flynn 2016). Although dispositional factors such as empathy and aggression may influence animal cruelty, we must look at the environmental factors that lead to the negative effects from a macro-level perspectiveRead MoreDomestic Violence : The Horrific Effects Of Abuse1464 Words   |  6 PagesDOMESTIC VIOLENCE: The Horrifying Effects of Abuse â€Å"To those who abuse: the sin yours, the crime is yours, and the shame is yours. To those who protect the perpetrators: blaming the victims only masks the evil within, making you as guilty as those who abuse. Stand up for the innocent or go down with the rest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  These are the words of an individual who sees too clearly the injustice which comes with domestic violence toward women. The United States government estimates one in every four women willRead MoreSexual Violence And Sexual Abuse1153 Words   |  5 Pages These types of abuse have formed a named to sum the types of abuse. Which is called, â€Å"Intimate partner violence (IPV) (also called domestic violence, battering, or spouse abuse) is violence commented by a current or former spouse, opposite-sex cohabiting partner, same-sex cohabiting partner, date, or boyfriend or girlfriend (Gosselin, 2014).† Victims of this violence can be of either gender. Intimate violence can viewed as emotional, physical, ve rbal, economic and sexual abuse. These acts aren’tRead MoreIntimate Partner And Sexual Violence1555 Words   |  7 PagesNational Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence 2010 survey, will provide statistical information on victims who experienced one or more violent crimes from their husband, wife, boyfriend or girlfriend. These crimes arrange from stalking, rape, to physical and mental abuse. It will examine the impact of intimate partner violence on gender, race, and ethnicity. This report will give an overview of health consequences and the implications for prevention for Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence. Lastly

The Theory Of Operant Conditioning - 1212 Words

Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. For example, when a lab rat presses a blue button, he receives a food pellet as a reward, but when he presses the red button he receives a mild electric shock. As a result, he learns to press the blue button but avoid the red button. The History of Operant Conditioning. Operant conditioning was coined by behaviorist B.F. Skinner, which is why you may occasionally hear it referred to as Skinnerian conditioning. As a behaviorist, Skinner believed that it was not really necessary to look at internal thoughts and motivations in order to explain behavior. Instead, he suggested, we should look only at the external, observable causes of human behavior. Through the first part of the 20th-century, behaviorism had become a major force within psychology. The ideas of John B. Watson dominated this school of thought early on. Watson focused on the principles of classical conditioning, once famously suggesting that he could take any person regardless of their background and train them to be anything he chose. Where the early behaviorists had focused their interests on associative learning, Skinner was more interested in how the consequences of people s actions influenced their behavior. Skinner used the term operant to refer t oShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning869 Words   |  4 Pagesthree and a half-year old Gertrude to whom I will apply the theory of operant conditioning to get her to meet a scheduled bed time. Her Mother is facing a steep learning curve with respect to; second language, new cultural, a newborn with a serious disease and isolated from her family (UK and Congo). It is of the utmost importance that we have Gertrude’s behaviour changed to ease the transition to Canada. Discussion Operant conditioning is happening in our everyday lives, it can be found at workRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning1489 Words   |  6 PagesOperant Conditioning Operant conditioning is a form of learning where people or animals change their behavior because of the reinforcement given after a desired response. A good example of operant conditioning is, a teacher giving five percent of the marks to students, who have good attendance. The theory is useful in teaching programmed instructions, where the information is given in small bits to reinforce the responses (Litow Pumroy, 1975). Additionally, the theory can help in shaping students’Read MoreTheory of Operant Conditioning933 Words   |  4 PagesTheory of Operant Conditioning Instrumental conditioning, otherwise known as operant conditioning is a theory that B.F Skinner came up with and is defined as a learning process by which the consequence of an operant response affects the likelihood of the response recurring in the future. Basically, operant conditioning is a stimulus response prototype that when reinforced, conditions individuals or organisms response to a desired behavior (Huitt, W., Hummel, J., 1997) Our behaviors are shapedRead MoreThe Theory of Operant Conditioning1136 Words   |  5 Pages The Theory of Operant Conditioning PSY390 October 6, 2014 Introduction The study of human behavior by psychologists such as B.F. Skinner, Edward Thorndike, Ivan Pavlov, and Watson is fascinating. These five psychologists each have different theories on human behavior. There are similarities and differences in each of the theories. Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning theory, studied animals and formed the basis for behavioral psychology (Cherry, 2013). Edward Thorndike’s theory of connectionismRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning989 Words   |  4 PagesOperant Conditioning: Procrastination The principals of operant conditioning, teaches how having certain coping techniques can reward certain undesirable behaviors. Conditioning human behavior has been studied for many years, Psychologists Edward Thorndike and B.F. Skinner, have dedicated majority of their lives to the study. Thorndike’s theory Law of effect. Thorndike suggest that certain stimuli and response become connected or dissociated from each other. His experiment worked by placing a catRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning1792 Words   |  8 PagesIn the textbook operant conditioning can be defined as â€Å"the control of behavior through manipulation of rewards and punishments in the environment, particularly the laboratory environment† (Cervone Pervin, 2013). B.F. skinner who created the operant conditioning procedure believed that all humans are controlled by the environments that they experience and that by changing the environment it is possible to reinforce a behavior that benefits e veryone (Cervone Pervin, 2013). Skinner also believedRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning1934 Words   |  8 Pagesat the theory of Operant Conditioning and all the many aspects that go along with it. This theory of Operant Conditioning by B. F. Skinner is a great guideline that can be used in the classroom. Operant Conditioning is definitely a theory that can change the way a classroom is ran. Throughout this paper we will see what behaviorism is and what operant conditioning is as a whole, along with the educational implications of this theory. Biographical Background of (Theorist) The theory of Operant ConditioningRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning Theory Essay746 Words   |  3 Pagescame up with the idea of what is known as operant conditioning (Rholetter, 2013). Operant conditioning is one of two theories in learning that illustrates behaviorism (Kretchmar, 2015). It is according to Rholetter (2013), â€Å"the idea that behavior is the learned result of consequences†. Skinner believed that learning during operant conditioning is done based upon the outcome of a given situation (Lefrancois, 2012, p. 91). His operant conditioning theory is constructed on reinforcements consistingRead MoreBehaviorism And The Operant Conditioning Theory Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pagesalso. Learning theories are conceptualized frameworks which describe how individuals absorb, process and retain information. Behaviorists such as John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, Edward L. Thorndike, Ivan Pavlov and Edwin R. Guthrie believed that all learners were passive in natu re and only responded to external stimuli. Behaviorism, as explored by the before mentioned, is a biological basis of learning and focuses exclusively on observable behaviors. This includes Thorndike’s theory of connectionismRead MoreThe Theory Of Behaviorism And Operant Conditioning895 Words   |  4 Pages B.F Skinner Renowned American psychologist B.F. Skinner, well known for his theory on behaviorism and operant conditioning. He was the most influential 20th - century psychologist. His works includes â€Å"The Behavior of Organisms† (1938) which was about the results in his experiment with operant conditioning, and a novel based on his theories â€Å"Walden† (1948). He was not only a psychologist he was a behaviorist, teacher, author, inventor, and a social philosopher as well. Born as Burrhus Frederic

What to Expect From Penn Essay Samples?

What to Expect From Penn Essay Samples? The Number One Question You Must Ask for Penn Essay Samples Once it goes without saying that you will need to deal with the prompt directly in your essay, remember to also adhere to the directions in the fine print. If you're quoting something, ensure you use quotation marks. There's an indented long quote inside this paragraph. There is it in this paragraph The last sentence gives the answer to the essay question. When you are requested to compose an essay, attempt to locate some samples (models) of similar writing and learn how to observe the craft of the writer. Or you're able to view 18 essays all on a single page. The essay includes specific particulars. The essays will provide you with a thought of what things to expect on the English placement test. Getting the Best Penn Essay Samples It's possible for you to follow my blog to observe when I post on this again, or only get in touch with me for aid with college essays. And now, you're stuck Googling, the way to compose an MBA admissions essay. You must make the essay school-specific. The essay indicates a substantial level of organization. Demonstrating your understanding of the opportunities which make Penn unique is essential to completing UPenn's supplemental essay. These ratings, together with reader comments, are used to determine your admissions decision. The applications of students who don't select or were not able to take part in the optional alumni interview aren't negatively impacted. That said, you shouldn't spend over a sentence writing about a joint-major or distinctive program like the Huntsman Program. This also suggests that Penn expects more with respect to time and school-specific understanding. Penn's major goal of establishing Pennsylvania was going to increase liberty by ensuring a totally free society for several of the people. Be certain to clearly recognize the sport or activity, and utilize particular details how this involvement made an effect on your life. My editing and essay development is the very best in the organization. This phase of research is simply meant to help you begin. Nonetheless, this isn't a hard and speedy ruleit's just another strategy which can help you restrict your choices and are able to make your application as a whole seem more coherent. I am going to be able to keep my energy during the day. That's the secret to a winning supplement. There are several ways to figure out about a program, and to obtain a location in that program for yourself. If they give you a seat, they would like to have some certainty which you will accept the offer. Penn Foster is one particular route which aids motivated independent learners acquire the wisdom and certification they require. Recognize your intellect comes into play in a variety of activities, not merely while you're in class or doing homework. This is principally since they are rather effective in developing knowledge and writing skills for subject places. The next step is going to be to find out the difference between Musts vs Shoulds. So there should be a feeling of your past, in additio n to of your vision for your future, together with a fantastic comprehension of Penn, all rolled into one essay. The very first step is to work out what really matters in life. By doing these 3 steps, I can balance all of it. Demonstrated interest is a must in the present competitive admissions scene to stick out from the remainder of the pack. If you're undecided about your upcoming talk about a number of the manners in which UPenn can help you foster your targets and learn about yourself. I hadn't ever taken the opportunity to return and see what made the difference. Spending introspective time considering my life is the initial step to achieving a balanced life.

Atlanta Home free essay sample

Atlanta Home Loan Case 1. )Types of controls Al Fiorni used: Action Controls: -By not letting Wilbur sign the checks he administered an administrative constraint on him. This allowed for Al to approve the outflow of cash from his company. -Al was smart to forward the corporate mail to California because it allowed him to have an idea of the overhead expenses the company was incurring. -Although Al was not monitoring the day to day operations of the company he monitored tracked the employee head count, number of leads, credit inquiries, loan applications funded expenses and bank activity. By monitoring these actions Al can hold employees accountable for desired actions or undesired actions. 2) What went wrong? A lot went wrong. Even the controls that Al implemented above he left loopholes which weakened them significantly. Even though he would not let Wilbur sign the checks he left four unsigned checks with Letitia which in turn defeated the purpose of him not allowing Wilbur to sign the checks. We will write a custom essay sample on Atlanta Home or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this case, he did use the right action control but he failed to implement it properly. When Al monitored the day to day operations of the company from afar he was doing the right thing but he also did not implement it efficiently. Al should have communicated to all the employees how he was monitoring their actions. Not only to catch wrongdoings but also to reward the employees for exceptional work. This would have prevented undesirable actions if employees would know that they would be held accountable for their actions. This would have also spurred good behavior if they knew there was a reward for such behavior. Al Fiorni did not properly set up personal and cultural controls. I believe his biggest mistake was not preparing his company for his departure in a timely manner. Because he was in such a rush to get to California he was not able to ensure the personal control of employee selection and placement. Al should have devoted a considerable amount of time to finding the right person to do the job and give them the necessary resources and training to be successful.

The Importance of Communication and Teamwork Among the Flight and Cabi Essay Example For Students

The Importance of Communication and Teamwork Among the Flight and Cabi Essay n Crew The Importance of Communication and Teamwork Among the Flight and Cabi Essayn Crew TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 4 INTRODUCTION 5 Background 5 Purpose/Audience 5 Sources 5 Limitaions 5 Scope 5 COLLECTED DATA 5 Importance of Communication Among the Crew 5 Main Cause of Aircraft Accidents 6 Duties of the Crew Members 7 Expectations of the Crew 7 The Crew is a Team 8 Intimidatin in the Cockpit 8 Cabin Crew is a part of the Team 9 Trusting the Crews Judgment 9 Crew Resource Management (CRM) 9 Outline of CRM Training 10 LOFT Training 10 Organizing Resources and Priorities 11 CONCLUSION 11 Summary of Findings 11 Interpretation of Findings 11 REFERENCES 13 We will write a custom essay on The Importance of Communication and Teamwork Among the Flight and Cabi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now ABSTRACT The majority of aircraft accidents are caused by human error, and an accident or incident is linked together by a chain of errors. Most of these accidents could have been avoided by the crew if they would have been communicating to each other better. Some common errors that occur among the crew are poor task delegation, assertiveness, and distractions. Crew training in communication and teamwork will increase the crews performance level. Programs like Crew Resource Management (CRM) have been developed to try to help the crews work together and reduce the human factor in accidents. CRM includes training in leadership/followership, assertiveness, management, communication, teamwork, decision making, and task delegation. Through programs like CRM crews learn to work together as a team, and when they are working together it is less likely therell be an accident. INTORDUCTION Background The cause for most aircraft accidents (65%) are by crew error (FAA News, 1996). When the Crews performance level is low due to poor teamwork and communication this is when accidents happen. How can crew error be reduced? Even though human error cant be reduced completely through constant training and effort by the crew performance will increase and accidents will be reduced. Purpose/Audience This report is intended for a general audience and will show how important it is for the flight and cabin crew to work together and communicate as a team. This report will also examine the CRM program. Sources Sources have been obtained for this report from the Internet and from the Waldo Library, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan. Scope Teamwork and communication are a critical factor in the crews operation of aircraft. Accidents can be prevented when these two factors are considered. COLLECTED DATA Importance of Communication amoung the Crew People communicate to each other every day. From a kids talking to their parents about their report card, to doctors working in an operating room. In order for us to understand one another we must be clear in what we say. For instance, if a doctor tells a nurse to pull a certain plug on a machine, hed better be clear on what he says or the nurse might end up harming a patient. Likewise, the cabin and flight crew must work together. In a typical cockpit the flight crew is very busy, and they need to be well organized to handle the many tasks they perform. They need to communicate properly and clearly for safe operations, if they dont their actions could result in a tragedy. Main Cause of Aircraft Accidents Mechanical problems and technical malfunctions do contribute to aircraft accidents, but human error is the main cause, accounting for 65% of the accidents (FAA News, 1996). See the pie chart in figure 1. This figure is quit high, and if it were possible to reduce human error the accident rate would drop significantly. Accidents that occur because of human error are not a direct result of just one error but of a chain of errors. The human error chain results when one bad decision leads to another which leads to the accident. The question is, how can we reduce human error in the cockpit? Studies have shown that most incidents could have been prevented if communication and leadership skills were improved. .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 , .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 .postImageUrl , .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 , .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834:hover , .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834:visited , .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834:active { border:0!important; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834:active , .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834 .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8cf9d977f59ba28a434674c613bba834:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Oedipus's Crime EssayDuties of Crew Members In order to have a clear understanding of whos involved in the crew, these positions with their duties will be discussed. There are usually 2-3 flight crew members and 1-3 flight attendants aboard an airliner. In the flight deck are the Captain, Co-pilot and flight engineer. When there are only two flight crew members theres no flight engineer. (this is to reduce costs). The Captain is the Pilot in Command (PIC). He/she has the final authority of all decisions and all responsibility rest on his/her shoulders. The Co-pilot assists the Captain in his/her duties, .

The Electromagnetic Spectrum essays

The Electromagnetic Spectrum essays X-rays are used in many ways. The most common is to take X-rays of people. Dentists used it to check for weakenings in the teeth, and doctors use it to look at broken bones. Although X-rays are very helpful they can be harmful too. If youre over exposed to them they can deteriorate your cells and cause cancer. Infrared rays help us detect heat. With special equipment, you are able to take pictures. Infrared rays arent seeable by the naked eye. It is also used to heat food. Remote controls used infrared rays to change the TV channels and radio stations. A negative effect of infrared rays is that they can burn you and cause eye cancer. Short wave radiation is used to talk all around the world. HAM radios use short wave radiation to send signals. A bad thing is that the waves are sometimes too short and the powerful towers have been accused of causing cancer. Ultra violet rays can be used to give a better, more appealing looking skin. Its also been know to cause cancer if you are over exposed to it. Special sunglasses are worn to protect our eyes from these rays. Even though you cant see them, they are still Visible light includes all the colors of the rainbow. This allows us to see in color. The colors we can see are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and purple. All though its good to be able to see in color, visible light allows us to only see the Gamma rays are very useful in killing cancerous cells. But as with anything good, theres a bad. If gamma rays come in contact with any living cell, it will kill them also. Microwaves have wave lengths measured in centimeters. The longer the waves are close to a foot and they are used to heat our food. They cause radiation and can Radio waves are used to transmit sound and music waves to us. This is good because I like to listen to music. Radio wave can ca ...

Media Law and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Media Law and Ethics - Essay Example Newspapers are among the most affected modes of communication in modern times that have been adversely affected by the debates and the differing viewpoints taken by stakeholders in the freedom debates (Barendt, 2009). While some support an entirely free press, a cross section of society feels that such freedom should be regulated to some extent. That is, laws should be enacted to ensure that media houses, more so newspaper publishers are regulated so that they do not exceed certain limits that could endanger personal and public safety or engross on human rights and liberties. Those in support of total newspaper freedom assert that this absolute freedom must be sought through constitutional and legal protections although the norm is that there should be zero interference in the media freedom from overreaching state and regulatory agencies (Dean, 2011). However, the supporters of newspaper freedom concur with their opponents who feel that with regards to government information, certain critical information, classified as secret and sensitive due to their national interest and security roles should be protected from disclosure to the public. Newspaper publishers should therefore acknowledge that certain information must be controlled and secretly guarded for the sake of protecting the interests and safety of a state. Newspapers should be Free As a result of the sensitive and controversial nature of press/newspaper freedom, governments have established not only laws and agencies to execute certain press freedom-related tasks but also commissions of inquiry to look into specific events related to press freedom. In the UK, one such commission was the Leveson Inquiry, which Prime Minister David Cameron appointed on July 6, 2011 in accordance with the Inquiries Act 2005 to further investigate the cultural and ethical practices related to the revelations of phone hacking activities by the News International. The News International phone-hacking scandal is a controversy surrounding the defunct News of the World and other media outlets related to the subsidiary of News Corporation, News International. In this phone-hacking scandal, the employees of these related firms have been accused of engaging in police bribery, phone hacking and improper influence in executing their tasks of collecting information and creating stories. The public outcry was particularly targeted at News Corporation’s owner Rupert Murdoch whose company was accused of targeting celebrities, high-profile cases, victims, the British Royal Family and bombing victims in their phone hacking activities. Because of the resultant advertiser boycotts, the News of the World closed on 10 July after publishing for 168 years and the News Corporation cancelled its intended takeover of the British telecommunications company BSkyB (The BBC, 2011). The Lord Justice Leveson-led inquiry was thus mandated to inquire about these claims about the News of the World. Further, the Inquiry had to l ook into the initial police inquiry and the allegations that the News Corporation made illegal payments to police (Jenkins, 2012). The most important role of the Inquiry was however to review the UK media’s general culture and ethics. From this case study, it is imperative that media stakeholders recognize their role, responsibilities and influences in the society to act not only ethically but

History of Eastern Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History of Eastern Philosophy - Essay Example They believe that religion and philosophy are mutually exclusive and drastically different (Carr, pp. 241-243). They have various arguments in this regard. First, the most important difference between these two is the fact that philosophy aims at uncovering the truth about the universe through a systematic and logical process of rational inquiry and even if any knowledge obtained from some other source or object cannot meet the rational requirements would be discarded. On the other hand, religion promotes rationality to the extent to which it does not collide or negate the existence of a supernatural force or its Holy books. Furthermore, the â€Å"knowledge† gained through the holy books or prophets, is also a consideration as the ultimate truth without testing it through any rational or logical means. Second, religion is not complete in the absence of rituals (Ram-Prasad, pp. 85-89). Every religion requires its followers to follow some practices, norms, ceremonies and others, which complete his followership. However, a philosopher can endorse philosophy without having to practice any ceremonies. Third, a closer look would reveal that philosophy is a thinking, which has a beginning but no end. Despite the fact that the whole premise has its basis on awareness the problem, that outweighs the search of a final answer (Bretzke, pp. 141-145). In fact, every answer in philosophy gives rise to new problems and questions. On the other hand, religion takes an approach, which aims at finding a specific answer that puts a full stop to all the discussion. This paper is an attempt to look at the various eastern philosophies such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. The paper will explore these religions and the link with the philosophies, which they have founded over the period. Discussion Taoism, also known as â€Å"Daoism, is an eastern religion and philosophy† (Bretzke, pp. 141-145), which is more than two millenniums old. Statistics reveal tha t there are more than 225 million followers of this religion; however, the numbers is doubtful since many of its followers accept it as a philosophy and associate himself or herself with Confucianism or Buddhism as well at the same time. The founder of this school of thought, Loa Tzu lived a few years before Confucius (Bretzke, pp. 141-145). A comparison of Confucianism and Taoism would reveal that Confucius has actually build upon many of the teachings of Lao Tzu has many of his teachings are an evolved form of Taoists ideals. Loa Tzu believed that the best way of achieving happiness is to stop complaining about the way thing are going, sit back and let nature take care of things (Bretzke, pp. 141-145). His way of doing things is not by doing anything. He believed that everything in the nature has a life and shared a force in the total universal force. Therefore, humans should align their forces and power with that of the universe to achieve satisfaction. Taoism believes that every person has a Yin (the dark side) and Yang (the light side). The best way is to keep them balanced in order to lead the best life. Furthermore, Taoism also appears to be in line with anarchism which believes that there should be no rules or regulations formed by the government. Some Taoists have gone to say that there should be no governments at all since it is against the principle of â€Å"doing by doing nothing† (Leaman, p. 74-76). People should have the right to decide everything for themselves.

Case Study On A Patient With Oesophagitis Nursing Essay

Case Study On A Patient With Oesophagitis Nursing Essay The patient was a female, age 89, with a BMI of 15.4 kg/m2 (underweight). Her presenting complaint was nausea and vomiting, bringing up coffee ground vomit, fatigue and loss of appetite since two days ago. Her past medical history included atrial fibrillation, paranoid psychosis and iron deficiency anaemia. She also had a cholestectomy done in year 2000. She was single and lived alone; she neither smoked nor drank. There was no relevant family history recorded for her case. On admission she was taking medication stated in Table 1 below. She was known to be allergic to ciprofloxacin. Table 1 Repeat medication taken on admission Drug Dose Digoxin 125 Â µg once daily Lisinopril 2.5 mg once in the morning Furosemide 40 mg once daily Clopidrogel 75 mg once daily Quetiapine fumarate 125 mg twice daily Tramadol hydrochloride 100 mg twice daily Codeine phosphate 60 mg one to be taken as required Paracetamol 500 mg four times daily Folic acid 5 mg once daily Ferrous fumarate 322 mg twice daily (Last prescription dated three months ago) Clinical data and diagnosis On admission, her temperature was 36.4Â °C, pulse was 83 beats per minute, and her blood pressure was 124/46 mmHg. Her Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) score was 7 out of 10, indicating mild confusion. A full blood count, renal function test, liver function test, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) were carried out. Her liver function test came back normal. The ECG showed some ST depression, but the patient denied any chest discomfort. Her haemoglobin levels were low at 9 g/dl (11.5-16.5 g/dl), while platelets were low at 108109/l 150-400109/l). her plasma urea was elevated at 38.2 mmol/l (2.5-7.5 mmol/l), and her creatinine was 273 Â µmol/l (50-80 Â µmol/l for female). Her creatinine clearance was calculated to be 8.1 ml/min, which indicated severe renal impairment. The diagnosis was acute renal failure, and gastritis or peptic ulcer disease. Clinical progress On day 1, patient was dehydrated and had some upper abdominal discomfort (Dyspepsia). The plan was to stop tramadol, clopidogrel, lisinopril and furosemide, due to the coffee ground vomit and acute renal failure. Two units of RCC (Red cell concentrate) and IV fluids were given. A urinary catheter was used to monitor urine output. Patient was continued on ferrous fumarate and given gaviscon 10mls. Quetiapine fumarate was not given as it was not available. On day 3, patient was paranoid; as quetiapine fumarate was still not available, haloperidol 1 mg was given as an intramuscular injection according to the hospital guidelines. Her haemoglobin levels were back to normal (12 g/dl) and her creatinine clearance improved to 33.3 ml/min; measurements were taken again because the values were so different. The catheter was taken out, but she was to receive subcutaneous fluids hourly. Patient was passing black stools. She was given Peptac 10mls for abdominal discomfort and was scheduled for an endoscopy the next day. Quetiapine fumarate was given on day 4 and patient was taken off haloperidol. On day 6, the patients confusion was thought to be influenced by digoxin; levels were checked and found to be 1.1 Â µg/l (0.5-2.0 Â µg/l); however dose of digoxin was decreased to 62.5 Â µg. a rectum examination was conducted to make sure patient was not bleeding from the lower gastrointestinal tract. The gastroscopy report came back stating patient had grade D oesophagitis (Reflux oesophagitis), that is an extenxive mucosal breaks engaging at least 75% of oesophageal circumference. She was also found to have a large chronic duodenal ulcer, non-bleeding with visible vessels. The plan was to start the patient on IV proton-pump inhibitor (PPI, pantoprazole 8 mg/hr) for 72 hours, oral omeprazole 20 mg daily, and eradicate H. pylori if infection was present (CLO test). On day 9, the CLO test came back negative. Patient was taken off IV PPI and put onto oral PPI (Omeprazole 40 mg daily). A repeat endoscopy was scheduled for the week after. Disease Overview Prevalence Oesophagitis is the inflammation of the lining of the oesophagus, usually caused by irritation due to stomach acid reflux.1,2 It is included under the boarder term of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), which also includes endoscopy-negative reflux disease.3 In the UK, there is a 28.7% prevalence of GORD, and the risk is found to increase with age, especially for those over 40 years of age. There is an estimated of over 50% of GORD patients between 45 and 60 years of age.4 About 25 to 40% of people with GORD are found to have oesophagitis on endoscopy.5 Pathophysiology, risk and diagnosis Acid reflux can occur because of incompetence of the lower oesophageal sphincter, a transient complete relaxation resulting from a failed swallow, that is, a swallow without the usual peristalsis wave (Found in 65% of patients). It can also be caused by a transient increase in intra-abdominal pressure (17% of patients), or a spontaneous free reflux due to the lower oesophageal sphincter having a low resting pressure (18% of patients).6 Possible risk factors for GORD are pregnancy, excess alcohol consumption, smoking and hiatus hernia. Obesity is thought to be a risk factor, as well as certain foods like onions, citrus fruits and coffee. Drugs that are thought to relax the lower oesophageal sphincter like calcium channel blockers are thought to play a role in promoting GORD. There is however very limited evidence to support these claims.4,5 It is now thought that more than 50% of GORD risk is genetic, as it is found that a first degree relative of a person with GORD is four times more at risk of getting the disease.4 Diagnosis of GORD is based mainly on the patients symptoms, predominantly acid regurgitation or heartburn.7 An endoscopy is usually the main diagnostic procedure done to confirm GORD. Pharmacological treatments and mechanisms of action The main drug used for this disease is a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI). PPIs are one of the most prescribed drugs for the treatment of acid-peptic diseases, including GORD and peptic ulcer disease.8,9 They are substituted 2-pyridyl methysulfinyl benzimidazoles, with pKa around 4, and have a very short plasma half life of one to two hours. They are weak bases that are lipophilic, which allows them to cross the membranes of the parietal cells easily. Once inside the parietal cells, where the pH value is less than 4, they protonate into the activated tetracyclic sulphenamide form of the drug and accumulate inside the cells. Here they form covalent bonds with the cysteine residues in the hydrogen/potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+/K+ ATPase) enzymes, forming disulphide bonds, inhibiting the acid secretion activity of the pump irreversibly. Due to the covalent bonds, their duration of action exceeds their plasma half life. To resume acid production, the parietal cells must then generate , or activate, new proton pumps.8,9 Examples of PPIs are omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole, the last of which has a pKa of 5, and is activated at a broader range of pH compared to the other three, leading to a higher acid-suppression activity. The common side-effects of PPIs are nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and headache. Diarrhea seems to occur because of a change in the gut flora brought about by the PPI, and appears to be age-related.8 PPIs, especially omeprazole, are known to alter the activity of cytochrome P in the liver, an important consideration for patients taking drugs with narrow therapeutic windows like warfarin and phenytoin. They also cause a prominent gastric pH increase, and are able to inhibit or decrease the absorption of weak bases that require acid for absorption, like iron salts, griseofulvin, and vitamin B12.8 Other drugs that may be used in this case are H2 receptor antagonists, which inhibit the secretion of acid by stopping histamine from binding to the H2 receptors on the parietal cells; and prokinetic drugs, usual examples like cisapride, metoclopramide and domperidone, which work by increasing the pressure of the lower oesophageal sphincter, and accelerating gastric emptying.10 Evidence for treatment of the condition The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines state that, for the management of oesophagitis on endoscopy, patients are to be given full dose PPI for one to two months. If there is a response to the treatment, low dose PPI is given, probably on an as required basis. If there is no response, the dose of PPI is doubled for another month, before switching to low dose PPI. If there is no response to the doubled dose of PPI, treatment is then switched to a histamine H2 receptor antagonist or a prokinetic.11 Klinkenberg-Knol EC et al1 compared the effects of omeprazole and ranitidine in a randomised, double-blind, endoscopically-controlled trial done on patients with reflux oesophagitis. Omeprazole was given at a dose of 60 mg daily while ranitidine was given at 150 mg twice daily. The symptoms were evaluated before starting the trial, and at the second, fourth and eighth week. Endoscopy was done at the start of the trial, and repeated during week 4, with another after 8 weeks if there was an absence of healing at week 4. For patients taking omeprazole, 19 out of 25 patients improved from Grade 2 or 3 (erosions or ulcerations) to Grade 0 or 1 (erythema and friability)12 after 4 weeks; while for patients taking ranitidine 7 out of 26 showed similar improvement (P = 0.002). At week 8, corresponding improvement was shown in 22 out of 25 for the omeprazole group, and 10 out of 26 for the ranitidine group (P = 0.001). Omeprazole showed a significantly higher healing rate, which was reflected in a better improvement of reflux symptoms as well. Patients receiving omeprazole experienced a more profound and faster relief of heartburn, which was the most common symptom complained by the patients (P = 0.0001). After 2 weeks, 92% (23 out of 25 patients) of patients receiving omeprazole reported that their reflux symptoms were either gone or had improved, while only 65 % (17 out of 26) of the ranitidine group reported the same (P = 0.01). This study however, only showed the superiority of omeprazole over ranitidine in the short term treatment of reflux oesophagitis. Further studies were needed to evaluate the effects of omeprazole in long term management and at a lower dose. Havelund T et al12 performed a double blind study on patients with Grade 1, 2 and 3 reflux oesophagitis. Patients were allocated randomly in this study to a treatment with omeprazole (40 mg once daily), and ranitidine (150 twice daily), for a period of 12 weeks. It was found that patients treated with omeprazole had a faster response to the treatment than those taking ranitidine (P < 0.0001). For the omeprazole group, healing rates were reported at 4, 8 and 12 weeks to be 90%, 100% and 100% respectively for those with Grade 1 reflux oesophagitis. For Grade 2 and 3, corresponding healing rates were 70%, 85% amd 91%. While for the ranitidine group, healing rates were 55%, 79% and 88% for Grade 1, and 26%, 44% and 54% for Grade 2 and 3. This pointed to a superiority of omeprazole at a lower dose (40 mg) over ranitidine. Sandmark S et al13 did a similar study, but with an omeprazole dose of 20 mg daily. Healing of oesophagitis was targeted in this study to be a complete healing of all ul cerative and erosive lesions in the oesophagus. At 4 weeks, healing rates were shown to be 67% in the patients taking omeprazole and 31% in those taking ranitidine (P < 0.0001). Corresponding healing rates were 85% (Omeprazole group) and 50% (Ranitidine group) after 8 weeks (P < 0.0001). This was also reflected in a more profound and faster- improvement in reflux symptoms in the patients taking omeprazole (51% by the end of the first week compared to 27% for patients taking ranitidine). Robinson M et al14 conducted a study to compare, in patients with erosive oesophagitis the efficacy and tolerability of omeprazole at a dose of 20 mg daily to ranitidine at a dose of 150 mg twice daily together with a prokinetic drug metoclopramide at a dose of 10 mg four times daily. It was found that healing rates for omeprazole were significantly greater than that for ranitidine in combination with metoclopramide. Omeprazole also provided a more profound relief for patients with reflux symptoms. More side effects and treatment-related withdrawals were found among the patients allocated the ranitidine-metoclopramide combination. Omeprazole was thus found to be more effective and better tolerated. Iskedjian M and Einarson TR conducted a meta-analysis15 of the three drugs cisapride, omeprazole and ranitidine for GORD treatment. At 12 weeks, 95% of patients were cured in the omeprazole group (40 mg daily), 81% in the ranitidine group (600 mg daily), and approximately 60% in the cisapr ide group (40 mg daily). In mild GORD, healing rate was 56% for cisapride versus 38% for ranitidine, while healing rates for cisapride and omeprazole showed no significant difference. In severe GORD, the healing rate for cisapride was only a half of that of omeprazole (43% versus 87%), while showing no significant difference when compared to that of ranitidine (50%). Thus it was concluded that omeprazole is favoured for treating severe GORD, while cisapride may be that of mild GORD. Vigneri S et al16 compared 5 maintenance therapies after an initial treatment of omeprazole 40 mg daily for 1 to 2 months, and healing was confirmed by endoscopy. Patients were then randomly assigned 12 months of treatment in the 5 following groups: cisapride (10 mg three times daily), ranitidine (150 mg three times daily), omeprazole (20 mg daily), ranitidine and cisapride, or omeprazole and cisapride. At 12 months 54% of the cisapride group, 49% of the ranitidine group, 80% of the omeprazole group, 66% of the ranitidine-cisapride group, and 89% of the omeprazole-cisapride group were found to be in remission at 12 months of maintenance therapy. Omeprazole showed a significantly better efficacy than cisapride (P = 0.02), and ranitidine (P = 0.003). Ranitidine-cisapride combination therapy was found to show a more profound improvement than ranitidine alone (P = 0.05). Omeprazole-cisapride combination therapy showed better efficacy than cisapride (P = 0.003), ranitidine (P < 0.001), an d also ranitidine and cisapride combination therapy (P = 0.03). Omeprazole as monotherapy or in combination with cisapride is found to be more effective for maintenance therapy of reflux oesophagitis, compared to ranitidine or cisapride alone. Omeprazole in combination with cisapride shows more efficacy than ranitidine and cisapride. The effects of newer PPIs lansoprazole (30 mg daily), rabeprazole (20 mg daily) and pantoprazole (40 mg daily) were compared with that of omeprazole (20 mg daily), ranitidine (300mg daily) and placebo in randomised clinical trials brought together by Caro JJ et al.17 The healing rate ratios noted for the newer PPIs as well as omeprazole were as follow: lansoprazole 1.62; rabeprazole 1.36; pantoprazole 1.60; and omeprazole 1.58. There was a greater decrease in the heartburn symptoms in patients taking PPIs than those taking ranitidine (P < 0.002), as well as in the healing of ulcers (P < 0.05), and relapse (P < 0,01). Compared to placebo, the PPIs obtained a much more profound relief of reflux symptoms (P < 0.01), healing of ulcers (P < 0.001) and relapse (P < 0.006). From this study, it was found that there is not much difference between the newer PPIs and omeprazole when it comes to relief of reflux symptoms, ulcer healing and rate of relapse, while all PPIs are better than ranitidi ne and of course, placebo in terms of treatment for erosive oesophagitis. Kahrilas PJ et al18 compared esomeprazole and omeprazole efficacies in reflux oesophagitis patients. It was found that more patients (P < 0.05) on esomeprazole 40 mg and esmoprazole 20 mg were healed after 8 weeks of treatment compared to omeprazole (94.1% and 89.9% compared to 86.9%). Adverse effects were common in both treatments. Esomeprazole was found to have a greater efficacy compared to omeprazole in reflux oesophagitis and both have a similar tolerability profile. Rohss K et al19 showed that esomeprazole at 40 mg daily had better acid control than omeprazole 40 mg daily. Since maintenance of intragastric pH > 4 is important for the effective management of GORD, the mean percentage of a 24 hour period with intragastric pH > 4 was taken as an indication of the efficacy of the treatments. Measurements were taken on day 1 and day 5, and on both days esomeprazole showed a greater mean percentage (P < 0.001) at 48.6% and 68.4% versus 40.6% and 62.0% for omeprazole. Wahlqvist P et al20 compared,from the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS),the cost effectiveness of the actue treatment of esomeprazole (40 mg daily) with omeprazole (20 mg daily) in reflux oesophagitis patients.It was estimated that, taking into consideration of the healing probabilities over 8 weeks, treatment with esomeprazole saves up toa total of 1290 pounds compared to treatment with omeprazole. Esomeprazole was found to provide a greater effectiveness at a lower cost. This is reflected in another study conducted by Plumb JM and Edwards SJ,21 which found that esomeprazole is cost effective in comparison to all other PPIs for the treatment of reflux oesophagitis. Conclusion The treatment given to this patient was appropriate in terms of the algorithms stated in the NICE guidelines; she was started on a full dose PPI after eosophagitis was confirmed on the endoscopy. As stated above, PPIs are proven to have superior effects in comparison with histamine H2 receptor antagonists and prokinetic drugs, both providing relief of reflux symptoms but not healing the oesophagitis itself.10 Among all the PPIs currently available, esomeprazole, the S-isomer of omeprazole, has been found to show more improvement than all other PPIs. Current studies have shown that the treatment of reflux oesophagitis with esomeprazole is more cost effective than treatments using any other PPI, providing a greater healing rate at a lower cost. Thus it might be in the interest of the NHS to treat this patient with esomeprazole than omeprazole. (2271 words)

Pathogens :: essays research papers fc

Emerging Waterborne Pathogens In today’s food preparation world waterborne pathogens are becoming a real threat. Why? Simply because in today’s culture people are quick to blame the food industry for most cases of disintary or other ill effects caused by bacteria. In this paper several things will be discussed. To understand what I’m trying to say, you must understand a few key terms. First lets define waterborne pathogen. A waterborne pathogen is a micro-organism whose ability to cause disease has recently been identified. Now that you know what a waterborne pathogen is lets name a few. 1. Bacteria in the form of, Arcobacter Butzleri Helicobacter Pylori And E. Coli 2. Viruses Rotaviruses and Adenoviruses Type 40 and 41 3. Protozoa Acanthamoeba. Each of these possible pathogens has been identified but according to the WRc’s â€Å"Final Report to the Department of the Environment on Waterborne Pathogens,† it is still possible that several unidentifie d pathogens may be at large and dangerous. In order to understand how these pathogens work, and how to destroy them we must understand several of the parts that make them up. Some of these parts are: Morphology Biochemical Characteristics Detection Methods Cultural characteristics Health Effects Routes of Transmission Occurrence in Water Sources Sources of Exposure and Susceptibility to removal or inactivation by conventional water treatment processes. Each of these parts is used in today’s world to identify and destroy existing, and new pathogens. What happens if someone ingests a pathogen before it is identified? Well that is one reason that the Department of the Environment is so concerned. Due to current environmental status new pathogens are appearing semi-daily, and consequently overwhelming those who are working to stop them. One major example of this is Legionella. Legionella is unique in the fact that 42 strains have been identified, and yet only one is within our ab ility to control. So obviously there is a major shortage of knowledge on pathogens, and how to control them. According to the WRC’s report to the Department of the Enviroment â€Å"The threat which is posed by an organism to contaminate water supplies and cause outbreaks always exists,† and furthermore they state that â€Å"The threat which is posed by an organism, in terms of its occurrence and distribution in water sources and the ability to remove it is often poorly understood and or completely unknown.† Does this alarm anyone else? Just the thought that our government admits that there are diseases out there that we have no ability to control is alarming.

Dr. Gregory House Essay

Dr. Gregory House is the main character in the House television series. He is currently working as the Head of Diagnostic Medicine with a double specialty in infectious disease and nephrology at Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital. He is portrayed as narcissistic, sarcastic, and appears to dislike most people. He prefers superficial relationships with others, sometimes using prostitutes to satisfy his sexual needs. Descriptive Information: Gregory is a 52 year old Caucasian male. He prefers to be called House, as he views being called Greg as too personal. Dr.  House has a permanent disability in his leg. Dead muscle tissue had to be removed and left a divot in the skin. He is also very sensitive about the appearance of his thigh, being badly scarred from multiple operations. He is very reluctant to talk about this disability and is easily offended if it is brought up. House has been in constant pain since the surgery and has become addicted to painkillers. He does not acknowledge his using as a drug problem; he reports it is a pain problem. He states that it does not interfere with his ability to work. At the present time he has been to npatient treatment for detoxification, however still struggles with his addiction. House is above average in his intelligence, having been accepted to John-Hopkins University for his pre-med studies. It is his disregard for ethics and protocol that has caused him problems. He lost an opportunity for an internship at the Mayo Clinic when he was caught cheating and expelled. His inability to work well with others has been a source of employment issues for him in the past. House’s father was a Marine pilot, and he spent most of his childhood moving to different countries. As a result he isolated, and concentrated on a variety of interests. He is fluent in several languages, and plays the piano and guitar. At the age of 12, discovering the timing of his conception did not correlate with a time his father was around, he confronted his parents on the paternity. It was revealed to him that his mother had an affair with the family minister. House feels this was the turning point in his relationship with his father, John. He feels he was mistreated by John for this reason. John was cold and controlling, showing House limited affection. House was rebellious and was often punished harshly both physically and emotionally. House and his mother had a loving relationship, however in his desire to avoid his father he does not have her in his life. Presenting Problems: House’s presenting problems at this time are: his addiction to painkillers, his fear of intimacy, and anti-social traits. He also displays a problem with impulse control. Dr. House states his main reason for using Vicodin was for pain management, however he has admitted to recreational drug use in his past. His dependence has caused him professional problems, getting him into trouble on several occasions. His addiction has also caused him problems with Lisa, the woman he has feelings for. Dr. Lisa Cuddy and House have had an ongoing attraction spanning 25 years. They were beginning to form a relationship when she had a scare with cancer. When House couldn’t face losing her, he turned again to the Vicodin. Lisa ended their relationship when she realized his inability to cope without the use of drugs. Dr. House has been afraid to experience any real closeness to others in his life. He has issues of trust due to his mother’s dishonesty and his father’s distance and hostility towards him. This is the primary source of his fear of intimacy and cynicism. He hides his fears with a narcissistic attitude, and pushes people away instead of exposing any vulnerability. House can be extremely defensive, and it is likely he uses his personality in a deliberate attempt to alienate anyone who tries to get close to him. He is conflicted when facing his feelings for Lisa, while trying to hold onto his belief he is entirely self-sufficient. House has acted on numerous occasions without regard to his health and safety. He also takes his behaviors to the extreme. When Dr. Cuddy starts dating after their reak-up, he reacts by driving his car through her front window. He states his reason as simply â€Å"returning her hairbrush. † He uses himself as a test subject for drugs and medical tests, sometimes just to satisfy his curiosity. He has taken experimental drugs in hopes of restoring his leg muscle, which eventually led to tumors. House has also injected himself with questionable blood received by an ill patient to see if a blood transfusion caused their symptoms. Model: I believe that person-centered therapy would be the model best suited for House. I would also incorporate some cognitive-behavioral techniques. House would not respond well to any theory that is confrontational, he needs to feel in control. I also recognize that although his past plays a big part in why he has relationship issues, he does not seem to want to revisit these occurrences. I believe very little time should be spent on the subject of his parents specifically, with more time spent on how he’s dealing with relationships now. House would be a difficult client to build a therapeutic relationship with; however I do feel it could be done over a period where he felt he was in a safe and non-judgmental environment. He is intelligent and lives to figure out the â€Å"pieces† in difficult medical diagnoses. House may have a little trouble in using this in regards to his own mental health, since he is so enveloped in denial, but he does have the capacity to do so. The person-centered model works on the premises that the client is the expert, and I believe it is one he would respond to best given his personality type. Treatment Goals: House’s primary issue is addiction, and a lack of having a recovery plan. He has been trying to deal with this on his own terms, and has had relapses. His untreated condition contributes to his anti-social personality, interferes with his relationships, and causes issues at work. I feel his other presenting problems can never be fully addressed until he can gain control over his addictive behaviors. Until he comes to terms with his addiction, he will remain isolated and continue to be self-destructive. Dr. House needs to address his difficulty with any type of relationship. It is apparent at times that he does have the capacity and this facet of him is not part of a personality disorder. He displays a need for people despite his not wanting to. He shows jealousy when Lisa dates others and does has a close friendship with Dr. James Wilson from the hospital. Dr. Wilson provides House with consultation about cases, and often personal issues. James is one of the few who can away with calling House out on behaviors. They sometimes have real moments on a deeper level, and at times they can let go and share laughs. House has displayed many instances of problematic impulse-control. He has experimented with Methadone, self-induced insulin shock, and tried deep brain stimulation with an electrical prod. The electrical current caused him seizures, brain leeding, and ultimately led to him being in a coma. He often shows no regard for his well-being. Once in an agitated state, he dove from a balcony into a pool. These behaviors horrify others around him. Techniques: The person-centered therapy is flexible enough to be adapted to most personalities. I feel a technique building a person profile would help House to address his addiction issues and in building a plan. This would begin with listing his attributes and strengths. Learning what is likable and worthy about himself, instead of focusing on negatives, will present to him a view of himself in wish he wants to be seen. Next he should verbalize what is important to him. Having clear, concrete thinking on what he wants in his life can help when addressing what his drug use will take away from him, and how it is a barrier in achieving his desired outcome. Finally House should look at what has been working and what is not working as support in his life. This includes relationships, both ones that may be unhealthy and those he needs to build. Recovery is greatly impacted by support systems. These can include relationships on a personal level, and outside support groups. House needs to consider what should be changed, what should stay the same, and what makes sense as far as being realistic. Rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) could be beneficial to House in dealing with his fear of intimacy. The basic hypothesis is that people are not disturbed by events, but by the views in which they take on them. Therapy would dispute his irrational beliefs and engage him in activities that can counter them. Showing House the faulty belief system he imposes on everyone he meets, he can begin to work on seeing how his actions are self-sabotaging. If he can really grasp how his beliefs are blocking him, he can find ways to change and control them. It will help him to communicate more effectively with others. I believe social skill groups could help House with his impulse-control. Group therapies help with accountability of the behavior, and provide for feedback. This therapy is a powerful venue for growth and change. Participants receive tremendous understanding, support, and encouragement from others facing similar issues. House could also gain different perspectives, ideas, and viewpoints on those issues. I feel a variance outside of one-on-one would be beneficial for House. As narcissistic as he can be, I think too much attention to solely his issues at once would force him to become more defensive and less open to treatment. Assessment: House’s treatment goals will take some time to be actualized. Addiction is rooted not only in behaviors, but also his biology. He will need to have some strong support built in along with coping skills. Given the fact relationships with others need to exist for the support to be effective, these treatment goals are dependent on one another. His treatment with addiction will not show promise until a minimum of a year without use has been met, and regular involvement in a self-help group has been established. I do not expect House to develop newer relationships at this time; however I will gauge his success in fostering his existing ones. His changes should include learning how to express his feelings maturely, and learning to give of himself without the use of sarcasm to hide when it feels uncomfortable. There is also a strong correlation between addiction and impulse-control, by identifying coping skills for urges, House could utilize some of these with his behaviors. In addition, low self-esteem can be part of the problem in engaging in such dangerous and high risk activities. House needs to address both his physical condition that causes him embarrassment, and his abandonment issues with his family. I feel as time goes on, and he gives recovery and relationships with others a chance, he will begin to see himself as a person worth caring for. Once he begins to feel that he is valuable and deserving of love from others, he should be able to accept this within himself. It is my hope through those changes his disregard for his safety will dissipate.

The Awakening Quotes and Analysis - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1765 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Awakening Essay Did you like this example? Quotes, passages, or sentences go on the left side with a page number. #1 You are burnt beyond recognition, he added, looking at his wife as one looks at a valuable piece of personal property which has suffered some damage. (pg. 48, paragraph 2.)     Ã‚  Ã‚  Your responses to those quotes go on the right side. (100 word minimum) Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Awakening Quotes and Analysis" essay for you Create order The first sign of the bubbling conflict is that her husband doesnt treat her as a true individual. He seems to be distant from Edna as a spouse. Là ©once now sees his wife as a possession that can easily affect his reputation and place in society. He is a business man who is frequently away from his family, which can strip a relationship of its passion and contentment. Tension easily intensifies when a loved one isnt present to show expected affection. He has become so distant from Edna that not only is their excitement drained, but his image of her is not influenced by his feelings for her. Instead, it is distorted by comparisons to other women and materialism.   Quotes, passages, or sentences go on the left side with a page number. #2 They were women who idolized their children, worshiped their husbands, and esteemed it a holy privilege to efface themselves as individuals and grow wings as ministering angels. (pg. 19, paragraph 1.) Your responses to those quotes go on the right side. (100 word minimum) Edna is not the ideal mother. She does not show the affection that most mothers in New Orleans show their children. Her children do not necessarily go to her for comfort. However, her sons seem to be stronger from this. Instead of crying after a fall while playing, they will fix themselves up and continue to have fun. Although her sons dont seem to be particularly bothered, Là ©once is. He desperately wishes that Edna could be more like Alcà ©e. Alcà ©e is considered one of the most perfect women in their town. Shes very caring of her children. She listens to her husbands opinion. Shes extremely charming and talented. While Edna and Alcà ©e are close, Edna may distance herself to avoid comparison. Quotes, passages, or sentences go on the left side with a page number. #3 At a very early period she had apprehended instinctively the dual lifethat outward existence which conforms, the inward life which questions. (pg. 35, paragraph 1.) Your responses to those quotes go on the right side. (100 word minimum) While Edna tries to appeal to societys standards, she often feels unhappy and suffocated. She is not mentally for her current role as a mother and wife. For so long, she has been strolling along and settling for the circumstances. She hasnt been living and her passion lays dormant within. However, as she slowly becomes an individual, she is no longer conforming. In fact, she begins to neglect her old, humdrum life. As she strives for independence, she begins questioning her current situations set up. Quotes, passages, or sentences go on the left side with a page number. #4 Add to this the violent opposition of her father and her sister Margaret to her marriage with a Catholic, and we need seek no further for the motives which led her to accept Monsieur Pontellier. for her husband. (pg. 46, paragraph 2) Your responses to those quotes go on the right side. (100 word minimum) As most young people do, Edna accepts Là ©once as her husband, seeing that it upset her father. The second that someone, especially an authority figure, opposes an idea, the urge to rebel ignites. Theres something exhilarating about going against basic morals or commands. It allows one to feel completely free and a bit euphoric. This same feeling could have influenced her to open a physical affair with Alcà ©e. He satisfies her animalistic urges. It is later explained that he enjoys pursuing married women. The feeling is dangerous and risky, but its enough to make the consequences worth it. The rebellious urge helps eradicate the bore of standards. Quotes, passages, or sentences go on the left side with a page number. #5 several persons informed her simultaneously that Robert was going to Mexico. She laid her spoon down and looked about her bewildered. He had been with her, reading to her all the morning, and had never even mentioned such a place as Mexico. (pg. 104, paragraph 2) Your responses to those quotes go on the right side. (100 word minimum) Robert and Edna have gotten more intimate and their relationship has become complicated. There is no doubt that their feelings for one another causes tension between them. However, they cannot act on impulse. Infidelity is very shameful, and it will not only ruin their reputations, but Là ©onces as well. Roberts sudden departure crushes Edna. Robert seems to know this as he is noticeably uneasy and quiet. That night, he strains himself to be distant as he leaves her. As Edna was blatantly honest about how she felt, he started to truly explain his reason for leaving. He abruptly stops, which shows that he is not fond of professing his love for another mans wife. Quotes, passages, or sentences go on the left side with a page number. #6 Does he write to you? Never a line. Does he send you a message? Never a word. It is because he loves you, poor fool, and is trying to forget you, since you are not free to listen to him or to belong to him. (pg. 209, paragraph 5.) Your responses to those quotes go on the right side. (100-word minimum) Though Robert promised Edna he would write her, he never does. Edna frequently visits Mademoiselle Reisz, who allows Edna to read the letters she receives. When Edna hears that Robert is coming back from Mexico, she searches for his reason, hoping its for her. Reisz explains to Edna that Robert is trying to diminish his love for her. He believes it is impossible for him to pursue her while she belongs to Là ©once. Robert, like most people in society at the time, view women as the property of their husbands (if they are married). Since he cannot let this go, he feels he must force himself to stop loving Edna.   Quotes, passages, or sentences go on the left side with a page number. #7 Im jealous of your thoughts tonight. Theyre making you a little kinder than usual; but some way I feel as if they were wandering, as if they were not here with me. (pg. 217, paragraph 6.) Your responses to those quotes go on the right side. (100-word minimum) Alcà ©e, Ednas physical affair, is a man who is very flirtatious and pursues married women. However, Edna does not fit his desperate, lonely, housewife stereotype. Her urge to be independent allows her to stay free. When Edna hears of Roberts soon arrival, she is elated and its quite noticeable. Its the happiest she has been in a while. Alcà ©e suspects that he is not the reason for this sudden burst of joy. He expects her to be infatuated with him, as many other women in the past. Instead, he is seemingly becoming the desperate one in this affair.   Quotes, passages, or sentences go on the left side with a page number. #8 You have tried to do too much in the past few days. The dinner was the last straw; you might have dispensed with it. (pg. 241, paragraph 4.) Your responses to those quotes go on the right side. (100 word minimum) At her dinner, celebrating her move, she snaps at one of the guests that sings. She has been wearing herself out with the move and the adjustment to the lifestyle she is trying to have. Many say that artists tend to be very lonely. Edna is increasingly isolating herself from her friends and family, so she can go through these awakenings. She does not desire to become anyones possession, including Roberts. As of right now, it seems that he is never going to pursue her. This means that Edna truly will be alone. Edna is struggling with these feelings along with the events happening outside. She is mentally and physically exhausted. Quotes, passages, or sentences go on the left side with a page number. #9 So he had come back because the Mexicans were not congenial; because business was as profitable here as there; because of any reason, and not because he cared to be near her. (pg. 255, paragraph 3.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Your responses to those quotes go on the right side. (100-word minimum) When Robert explains why he has returned from Mexico, Edna is hurt. He did not come back for her. If business was more profitable there, he would have never returned. He would continue to ignore his promise to write her. It must pain her deeply that she didnt influence his return. He could have very well stayed in Mexico. While Edna was so deeply missing Robert, his response gives her the impression that she hasnt crossed his mind. She had hoped that Robert felt the same as she did. But Robert is still not willing to deal with his confliction. Quotes, passages, or sentences go on the left side with a page number. #10 You have been a very, very foolish boy, wasting your time dreaming of impossible things when you speak of Mr. Pontellier setting me free! I am no longer one of Mr. Pontelliers possessions to dispose of or not. I give myself where I choose. If he were to say, Here, Robert, take her and be happy; she is yours, I should laugh at you both. (pg. 282, paragraph 3.) Your responses to those quotes go on the right side. (100 word minimum) Robert has this societal view of wives being property to their husbands. Edna despises this perspective, one of the many factors driving her need for independence. She has become exhausted trying liberate herself and she will not be possessed by another. She is now in control of her feelings and actions. Even though Edna loves Robert, she will not allow herself to be owned by him. The idea of Là ©once passing her to Robert is highly degrading. She is appalled that he could even stomach it, let alone allow it to conflict his love for her. However, Robert is still torn inside. He leaves, and Edna is left alone. Though being independent could grow lonely, its much better. To have an awakening cause so much distress and change only to return to the same lifestyle is truly a waste. For page and paragraph references:   Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. Internet Archive, Chicago, New York, H. S. Stone Company, 1 Jan. 1899, https://archive.org/details/awakeningthe00choprich